What is Anaemia?

Anaemia isn’t a single disease—it’s a condition with many possible causes.
It often develops slowly, so early signs like tiredness or pale skin may go unnoticed. Knowing the causes and symptoms can help you catch it early.

Why Adults Get Anaemia
1. Low Iron Levels

Iron is needed to make haemoglobin. Low iron can result from:

Heavy periods

Stomach or intestinal bleeding

Diets lacking iron-rich foods like meat, beans, or spinach

2. Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 helps make red blood cells. Low levels can happen due to:

Poor diet

Digestive issues

Some medications
Warning signs: tingling, numbness, fatigue

3. Folate (Vitamin B9) Deficiency

Folate is important for healthy red blood cells. Causes of deficiency include:

Poor diet

Alcohol overuse

Certain medicines

4. Chronic Illness

Conditions like kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, or long-term infections can reduce red blood cell production.

5. Blood Loss

Losing blood through injury, surgery, heavy periods, or internal bleeding can lead to anaemia.

6. Inherited Conditions

Genetic issues like sickle cell anaemia or thalassemia affect red blood cell production and structure.

Common Symptoms to Watch For

Anaemia can start subtly but usually worsens over time:

Constant tiredness or weakness

Pale or yellow skin

Shortness of breath with small tasks

Dizziness or fainting

Rapid or irregular heartbeat

Cold hands and feet

Brittle nails or thinning hair

Difficulty concentrating or headaches

Risks if Anaemia is Ignored

Untreated anaemia can cause:

Heart problems, including enlarged heart or heart failure

Weak immunity, leading to more infections

Low energy and poor performance at work or home

Complications during pregnancy

Nerve or brain problems in severe B12 deficiency

How to Prevent and Manage Anaemia
Eat Right

Iron-rich foods: lean meat, lentils, spinach, fortified cereals

Vitamin C: oranges, bell peppers, tomatoes (helps iron absorption)

Vitamin B12: eggs, milk, fortified plant-based foods

Folate: leafy greens, beans, avocados

Healthy Habits

Stay hydrated

Do moderate exercise

Avoid excess alcohol

Don’t skip routine health check-ups

Practical Tips for Adults with Anaemia

Do:

Take supplements only if recommended by a doctor

Eat small, frequent, nutrient-rich meals

Rest well and manage stress

Track your symptoms

Don’t:

Self-prescribe high-dose supplements

Ignore persistent tiredness or paleness

Skip blood tests or doctor visits

Rely only on home remedies for severe anaemia

When to See a Doctor

See a healthcare professional immediately if you notice:

Extreme or ongoing fatigue

Pale or yellowish skin

Rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or shortness of breath

Blood in stool or urine, or unexplained bruising

Tingling, numbness, or other nerve symptoms

Key Takeaway

Anaemia is more than low energy—it can signal serious health issues. A balanced diet, healthy lifestyle, and timely medical care can prevent complications and keep your energy and health at their best.